Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Overview
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine, also known as the colon, that affects the lining of the intestine and results in the formation of small sores, or ulcers. Ulcerative colitis is part of a group of conditions known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Common Signs And Symptoms
- Abdominal Cramps And Pain
- Diarrhea
- Rectal Pain And Bleeding
- Fatigue
- Weight Loss
- Loose And Urgent Bowel Movements
People with ulcerative colitis may experience a variety of symptoms including:
Diagnosis Journey
For individuals showing signs and symptoms that are consistent with ulcerative colitis, doctors may perform the following tests to confirm a diagnosis:
Endoscopic procedures
Treatment Options
While there is no known cure for UC, various treatment options and medications are available that can reduce signs and symptoms.
Medications
Explore the following medications that can effectively help manage UC:
- 015-ASA(Aminosalicylates)This drug can be taken topically (via the rectum) or orally to reduce inflammation in the bowel lining.
- 02SteroidsSteroids can help quickly reduce inflammation during a flare-up and can be taken orally, through an IV, or topically.
- 03ImmunosuppressantsImmunosuppressants slow your immune system to stop the immune response that is causing the colon and rectum to swell. These can be taken orally or by injection.
- 04Biologic MedicinesBiologic medicines block parts of the immune system, reducing more severe inflammation. These can be taken through injection or an IV and can be used in combination with an immunosuppressant. Examples of biologics include, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, Entyvio (monoclonal antibody), and Stelara (IL-23 and IL-12 blocker).
- 05Janus Kinase (JAK) InhibitorsThis is a medicine that blocks JAKs, which are proteins that activate the body’s immune response. These can be taken orally, usually for patients with moderate to severe UC.
Surgery
In some cases, surgery may be recommended for patients with UC to help alleviate symptoms. Below, you'll find information about a few surgery options for those with UC:
- 06ProctocolectomyRemoval of the colon and rectum.
- 07Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (J-pouch surgery)The colon and rectum are removed, and an internal pouch is created, eliminating the need for a permanent external ostomy.
- 08Proctocolectomy with end ileostomyThe colon, rectum, and anus are removed, and an end ileostomy is created to allow waste to exit the body into an external ostomy bag. Patients wear the ostomy bag and empty it several times per day.
These examples do not encompass all possibilities, as surgeons may do these procedures differently.
Diet and lifestyle changes could also be necessary for treatment
Some foods may make symptoms worse when the condition is active, but diet does not cause ulcerative colitis. Your doctor might suggest dietary changes depending on your symptoms, as well as vitamins and dietary supplements. If you're interested in learning more about nutritional therapy for people with IBD, you can visit Nutritional Therapy for IBD Patient Pathway. This website is a resource for individuals with Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis to help support healthy diet and lifestyle changes. Learn More
Ongoing Research
More research into effective UC treatment options is critical. By taking part in research and clinical studies, you can assist other people who would benefit from advanced research and new treatments.
Current Research Studies
There are approximately 270 ulcerative colitis research studies that are actively recruiting participants. Visit Clinicaltrials.gov to find UC research studies near you.
Research & Resources
Related Stories & Profiles
Explore relevant human stories and expert perspectives connected to this condition.
